Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Local and governmental services
  • Americans with Disabilities Act
  • Title II
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What entities are covered?
  • Public entities include any State or local government and any of its departments, agencies or other instrumentalities
  • All activities, services, and programs of public entities


  •  Unlike Section 504 covers all activities regardless of whether receive FFA
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Examples of covered programs
  • State legislatures
  • State courts
  • Town meetings
  • Police and fire department
  • Motor vehicle licensing
  • Libraries and parks
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Overview of Requirements
  • May not refuse to allow a person with a disability to participate in a service, program or activity.
  • Must provide services in integrated setting, unless separate or different is necessary to ensure equal opportunity.
  • Must eliminate eligibility criteria that screens out or tends to screen out disabled.
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Other requirements
  • Required to make reasonable modifications in policies, practices and procedures that deny equal access, unless a fundamental alteration would occur.
  • Must provide auxiliary aids and services when necessary for effective communication.
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Examples of Auxiliary Aids and Services
  • qualified interpreters
  • assistive listening headsets
  • captioning
  • TDD/TTY
  • readers
  • taped texts
  • Brailed materials


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Additional requirements
  • Must not place special charges on individuals with disabilities.
  • May provide special benefits beyond those required by regulation to individuals with disabilities.
  • Shall operate programs when viewed in entirety to be readily accessible and usable by people with disabilities.
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Who is eligible for ADA Title II protections?
  • Qualified individual with a disability
  • Definition of disability is the same for other titles of ADA
  • Qualified is one who meets the essential eligibility requirements for the program or activity offered by a public entity.
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Essential Eligibility Requirements
  • The essential eligibility requirements will depend on the type of service or activity involved.


  • e.g. Food Stamps
  • e.g. Informational session for state vocational rehabilitation services
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Program Access
  • Must ensure that individuals with disabilities are not excluded from services, programs, and activities because of inaccessibility.
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Existing buildings
  • Existing building are buildings who construction began before January 27, 1992.
  • Need to remove barriers that are readily achievable.
  • Need to provide program access where barrier removal is not readily achievable.
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Examples of Alternative Methods
  • Relocating a service to an accessible facility or floor.
  • Providing an aide or personal assistant to enable a person to obtain the service.
  • Provide a service at home.
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Carrying an individual to provide access
  • May not carry an individual with a disability as a method of providing program access, except in “manifestly exceptional”
  •     circumstances.
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Limits of duty to provide access
  • Public entities not require to take any action that would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the service, program or an activity or in undue financial or administrative burdens.
  • Must take any other necessary action.
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Integrated Programs
  • May not provide separate services unless necessary for effective services.
  • Even if separate is permitted, individual with a disability has right to chose to participate in regular program.
  • May not require an individual with a disability to accept a special accommodation or benefit if they chose not to.
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Enforcement
  • ADA grievance procedures must be adopted and published by State and local governmental.
  • Prompt and equitable resolution of complaints.
  • Self-evaluations required to be done and on file for public use.
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Administrative Procedures
  • Individuals may file complaints with U.S. Department of Justice


  •  Complaints may also be filed with federal agencies providing FFA


  • Permissive not mandatory
  • U.S. Department of Justice provides:
  • Technical assistance
  • Investigation
  • Mediation
  • Settlement
  • Litigation
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Enforcement
  • Individuals may bring lawsuits to enforce their rights under Title II of the ADA.
  • Same remedies as under Section 504.
  • Remedies include:
  • injunctive relief
  • monetary damages
  • reasonable attorneys fees to the prevailing Plaintiff
  • Ninth Cir. requires discrimination to be intentional for $ relief.
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Accessing Center Services
  • One may contact the Center for assistance during Short Term Assistance Team’s (STAT) hours of operation:
  • Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday from 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. at (602) 274-6298 or toll free (800) 927-2260.
  • Our receptionist takes brief information on the issue, which is provided to STAT’s Information & Referral Supervisor for review.
  • Due to the volume of requests we receive, we are unable to respond immediately to each request, however, the call will be returned at our earliest opportunity.